To explore the potential involvement of this group of matrix proteins on ZAP function, we tested the nuclear matrix proteins heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU), splicing factor proline/glutamine rich (polypyrimidine tract-binding protein-associated) (SFPQ), and lamin A/C for their effects on HIV-1 infection. This evidence concerns the gene ZC3HAV1 and HIV-1 infection.