Five of these patients were positive for anti-CCP antibodies (markers for diagnosis and prognosis in RA), while all six patients had active disease at baseline despite recent tumor necrosis factor inhibitor therapy (based on the mean DAS28-CRP RA score; DAS28-CRP is a quantitative measure of RA where values >5.1 indicate high activity of the disease, <3.2 low activity of the disease and <2.6 remission). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and rheumatoid arthritis.