TGFB1 and neoplasm: Such phenomenon is not restricted to Daple or the Wnt pathway, because major signaling programs like the TGFβ-SMAD pathway have also been shown to display similar bimodal deregulation and a bi-faceted role (Akhurst and Derynck, 2001), and a similar phenomenon is observed in the case of Daple's closely related orthologue, GIV (Ghosh et al., 2010): downregulation of GIV by alternative splicing triggered proliferation early during tumor growth, whereas an increase in GIV by transcriptional upregulation enhanced cell invasion later during oncogenesis.