Such phenomenon is not restricted to Daple or the Wnt pathway, because major signaling programs like the TGFβ-SMAD pathway have also been shown to display similar bimodal deregulation and a bi-faceted role (Akhurst and Derynck, 2001), and a similar phenomenon is observed in the case of Daple's closely related orthologue, GIV (Ghosh et al., 2010): downregulation of GIV by alternative splicing triggered proliferation early during tumor growth, whereas an increase in GIV by transcriptional upregulation enhanced cell invasion later during oncogenesis. Here, CCDC88C is linked to neoplasm.