AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma: After adjusting for other confounding factors, the 4 independent factors identified (high FAM83D expression in HCC tissues, AFP ≥100 ng/ml, tumor size ≥5 cm and AST ≥40 U/l) were used in a stepwise multivariate Cox proportional hazard model for both the DFS and OS, and the hazard ratio (HR), 95% confidence interval (CI), and P values of these four independent predictors are listed in Table 3.