TP53 and infection: Before infection, compared with yellow cattle, the up-regulated genes in the water buffalo group were mainly associated with tight junctions and the TGF-beta signaling pathway, while the down-regulated genes in the water buffalo group were mainly associated with the p53 signaling pathway, B cell receptor signaling pathway, T cell receptor signaling pathway, hematopoietic cell lineage, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity (Table 1).