In contrast to the sPilo rats, tissue from TLE patients with HS displays similar hippocampal Kv4.2 mRNA levels compared to patients without HS, and on the protein level Kv4.2 channels are even elevated, despite the cell loss in the CA1 region (Aronica et al., 2009). The gene discussed is KCND2; the disease is histiocytic sarcoma.