MADCAM1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Madcam1 was detected in the cytoplasm but not in the membrane, not only in established HCC cell lines (Figure 1I) but also in HCC tissues (Supplementary Figure 1D), indicating that in addition to its functions as a surface adhesion molecule that mediates cell-to-cell interactions, Madcam1 may have other important functions in HCC cells.