As expected, Madcam1 was also elevated in the HCC tissues compared to the normal liver tissues (Figure 7A and Supplementary Figure 1D and 6C), suggesting that the up-regulated Madcam1 levels may be another factor, in addition to the elevations in endogenous AKT levels, that stimulates p-AKT in vivo. Here, MADCAM1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.