It is certainly not unreasonable to assume that EGFR blockage might be an effective therapy for ESCC, but no improvement in clinical efficacy was found in unselected esophageal cancer patients according to the results of the randomized phase II/III SCOPE1 study in which adding cetuximab (an anti-EGFR antagonist monoclonal antibody) to standard definitive chemoradiotherapy was evaluated [12]. Here, EGFR is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.