1A). In addition to its functions in immunosuppression and inhibition of cancer cell phagocytosis by activated macrophages [17], we revealed a novel CEBPD function in the tumor microenvironment, namely, the promotion of sphere-forming ability, metastasis and invasion of drug-resistant cancers in CDDP- or 5-FU-treated TAMs and CAFs. The gene discussed is CEBPD; the disease is cancer.