INS and metabolic syndrome: Tree nut consumers have been shown to have lower values for or decreased risk of higher body mass index (BMI) [5], obesity [4], elevated waist circumference (WC) [5], low HDL-C [5, 6], CRP [6], lower systolic (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) [5, 6, 26], elevated fasting glucose [5], hemoglobin A1c [6], insulin [6], and a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) [5].