Other serological biomarkers have been or are under investigation for early diagnosis of HCC, including des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) (also known as prothrombin induced by Vitamin K Absence II–PIVKA II), the ratio of glycosylated AFP (L3 fraction) to total AFP, alpha-fucosidase, and glypican 3. Here, AFP is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.