The leptin to adiponectin ratio is 1.12 × 10−3 for control subjects, 4.27 × 10−3 for subjects with premalignant oral lesions, 0.65 × 10−3 for subjects with HNSCC and 3.01 × 10−3 for HNSCC subjects that received 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. This evidence concerns the gene ADIPOQ and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.