AVP and ischemic stroke: In our meta-analyses, elevated plasma copeptin level was associated with an increased risk of unfavorable outcome after hemorrhagic stroke (aOR 1.36; 95% CI 1.13–1.64; I2 = 77%), ischemic stroke (aOR 2.55; 95% CI 1.97–3.31; I2 = 0%), and all types of stroke (aOR 1.84; 95% CI, 1.48–2.29; I2 = 82%) (Fig. 2).