Although the details regarding the activation of specific pathways remained to be elucidated, our data presented new evidence that NTP treatment of A549 cells modulated the transcription of a variety of genes, which might center on p53 and MAPK and TNF signaling pathways, etc. Our data further indicated that it was possible to modulate cellular signaling as well as metabolism and/or apoptosis processes in NTP treated tumor cells on a genetic level. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and neoplasm.