Phosphorylation of eIF2α is catalyzed by kinases PKR, PERK, GCN2, and HRI by the following stress indicators: PKR by heat shock, UV irradiation, and viral infection; PERK by ER stress; GCN2 by starvation; HRI by hypoxia [32–38]. The gene discussed is EIF2AK3; the disease is viral infectious disease.