The small amount of peripheral blood leukocyte DNA available for methylation analysis also precluded the determination of altered gene expression via other epigenetic mechanisms (e.g., histone modifications and chromatin structure changes); however, similar methylation changes at both the IGF2/H19 and PEG3 DMRs have been associated previously with altered gene expression in human cancers (Cui et al. 2003; Nye et al. 2013). The gene discussed is H19; the disease is cancer.