Although improvement of hyperglycemia per se as a mechanism to prevent DN by the treatment of MT and SOD due to nonspecificity of Tat-fusion protein strategy could not be ruled out, this was not the apparent case in our real in vivo experiment (Table 1) and we assume that there is a direct protective effect of antioxidants against renal pathology. The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is liver dysplastic nodule.