TGFB1 and cancer: Several pathways are known to induce EMT, including the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, Notch, and Wnt pathways, and the Notch pathway is involved in gemcitabine-induced EMT.15, 17 EMT is related to cancer aggressiveness, such as metastasis and chemoresistance, in several types of cancer, including pancreatic cancer.16, 18 Thus, targeting EMT cells or preventing the induction of EMT may be new targets for anti-cancer therapeutic methods.