The discovery of IL-17-producing CD4+ T-cells in 2005, extending the existing Th1/Th2 paradigm to include a distinct effector Th17 cell lineage [13], prompted a reassessment and novel understanding of the mechanisms of host defense against C. albicans in the normal host [14,15] and, by extension, of the defects of these mechanisms in the setting of HIV infection. Here, CD4 is linked to HIV infectious disease.