HSPB1 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): The present findings of HSPB1 expression enhancement with the tumor malignant progression, and NCL high expression in astrocytomas are in accordance with previously demonstrated differential expression of GRP78, NPM1 [4, 6] and EGFR [46] according to the malignant grade of astrocytomas, corroborating the relevance of this network in the progression of astrocytomas.