IL6 and atherosclerosis: Based on all these observations, it can be inferred that Pak1 contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by influencing many signalling events, including the expression of cytokines such as IL-6, chemokines such as MCP-1 and adhesion molecules such as VCAM1 and ICAM1, thereby recruiting monocytes to the aortic wall and the migration of SMCs from medial to intimal region.