BRAF and melanoma: Based on these findings, many preclinical studies have investigated the potential therapeutic value of targeting BRAFV600E, and several selective BRAF inhibitors have been developed for clinical applications in melanoma, as PLX4032 (also known as vemurafenib) [26–28], GSK2118436 (also known as dabrafenib) [29], and GSK1120212 (also known as trametinib) [30, 31].