Inhibition of TNFα signaling by blocking the cognate receptor using anti-TNFα antibodies resulted in prevention of the induction of AKI.93 Targeting the penultimate step of Ca2+-overload by inhibiting NMDA-R using the channel blocker D-AP5 was shown to significantly reduce ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/RI) -induced glomerular and tubular dysfunction,94 and raises the possibility that NMDA receptor signaling is one of the penultimate steps prior to non-reversible apoptosis and necrosis. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is acute kidney injury.