KIM-1 is a promising marker for various renal diseases as well as AKI, which includes but not limits to tubular necrosis, since AKI incidence precedes any rise of the conventional SCr.28 KIM-1 expression is undetectable in normal kidneys, whereas the mRNA and protein levels are markedly up-regulated in AKI. Here, HAVCR1 is linked to acute kidney injury.