Indeed, elevated levels of CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CCL20 have been demonstrated in the synovium and serum of RA patients, and receptors for these chemokines have been detected in human primary osteoblasts, i.e. the receptor for CXCL8 (CXCR1), CXCL9, CXCL10 (CXCR3), and CCL20 (CCR6) [18–22]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL9 and rheumatoid arthritis.