Imiquimod (Aldara) is FDA approved and used to treat patients with melanoma and VTX-2337 (a TLR8 agonist) has been used in phase II clinical studies to treat patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) as well as cancers of the reproductive tract and peritoneal cavity. Here, TLR8 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.