MAPK3 and anemia (phenotype): Another study investigated the effect of pulsed electromagnetic field on lower limbs anemia, a major complication of diabetes which is caused by weak formation of new blood vessels, and found that treatment with these fields could intensify angiogenesis in anemic lesions, and that PEMF caused perfusion and angiogenesis through increasing FGF-2 and activating ERK1/2 pathway in rats with diabetes (Pan et al., 2013 ▶).