MTOR and lung carcinoma: Cancer survival-associated signaling pathways, including phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and cancer metastasis-associated AMPK pathways play pivotal roles in the regulation of drug-induced functional activities such as DNA damage-induced apoptosis, cell growth inhibition, and anti-metastatic/progression utilities [6,7], with pronounced crucial functional regulatory activity in lung cancer cell proliferation and survival [8].