INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: In our study, we also observed the significant interaction between HbA1c and eGFR levels, which was consistent with those reported by Shurraw et al. The Canadian population-based cohort study had 2 crucial limitations: they could not control for certain potential confounders, such as the use of insulin or other medications and laboratory markers, and they could not distinguish between type 1 and type 2 diabetes [12].