Importantly, some CSF-1 or CSF-1R inhibitors are already available and are in clinical trials for the treatment of advanced carcinoma, e.g. LY3022855 (IMC-CS4) (NCT01346358, phase I: metastatic breast and prostate cancer); PLX 3397 (NCT01596751 phase Ib/II: metastatic breast cancer). Here, CSF1R is linked to prostate carcinoma.