EPCAM and hepatocellular carcinoma: In HCC, CSC markers include epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), CD133, CD90, CD44, CD24, CD13 and oval cell marker OV6, as well as Hoechst dye efflux or aldehyde dehydrogenase activities, some of which may functionally support CSC phenotypes, including highly invasive features and chemoresistance [20].