Recent evidence suggests interstitial cells of Cajal-like cells (ICC) in the bladdersuburothelium may act as ‘mechano-receptors’ with implications in the pathophysiology of DO.11,12 In the bladder, these cells form a matrix, separated by gap junctions, extensivelycoupled with connexin 43 (Cx43), and closely associated with the afferent nerves on electronmicroscopy. This evidence concerns the gene GJA1 and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.