The key role of CCR5 in HIV-1 entry, coupled with the demonstration that individuals who were homozygous for a 32 base pair deletion in the CCR5 gene (CCR5Δ32), and subsequently do not express functional CCR5, were highly protected from infection with R5 HIV-1, focused attention on CCR5 as an attractive target (5). The gene discussed is CCR5; the disease is infection.