As lidocaine has been shown to inhibit, in addition to VGSCs, other membrane-bound signaling molecules involved in oncogenesis24, 25, the following experiments were employed to more conclusively demonstrate a link between VGSC activity and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and resultant invasive activity in SW620 colon cancer cells. Here, MAPK3 is linked to malignant colon neoplasm.