INS and hypertensive disorder: Among various mechanisms proposed to explain the relation between hypertension and positive family history of hypertension, are the increased renal proximal sodium reabsorption [11], genetic traits related to high blood pressure such as high sodium-lithium counter-transport, low urinary kallikrein excretion, elevated uric acid level, high fasting plasma insulin concentrations, high-density LDL sub-fractions, fat pattern index, oxidative stress and body mass index, as well as shared environmental factors such as sodium intake and heavy metal exposure [12-15].