Finally similar to other pathogenic mycobacterial infections such as tuberculosis, infected macrophages can inhibit or kill adaptive immune T cells through a number of different routes such as contact via Fas/FasL interaction, soluble modulators originating from host cells (TGF-β, TNF-α, FasL and Bcl-2) [68], and secreted bacterial antigens such as in tuberculosis, where the early secreted antigen ESAT-6 has been shown to directly inhibit human T cell responses [69]. Here, TNF is linked to tuberculosis.