NLRP3 and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease: In addition to MS, the implication of the NLRP3 inflammasome in Alzheimer's disease has been shown both in vitro by the ability of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides to activate the inflammasome [18] and in vivo in an AD mouse model where NLRP3 knock-out mice were protected from spatial memory impairment and showed decreased Aβ plaque burden [19].