Before the FDA's approval of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors to treat non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in 2003, the overall survival for advanced lung cancer patients treated with chemotherapy was similar for Asian and Western countries.5–8 However, the prognosis of lung cancer became different after the introduction of EGFR inhibitors. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is lung cancer.