Hollenbach et al. found that inhibition of p38 MAPK was able to drastically reduce colonic NF-kB activity with a consequent improvement of intestinal lesions in a murine model [27], whereas in other studies inhibition of p38 MAPK activation worsened the course of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic (TNBS) acid or dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) induced colitis [28,29]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to colitis.