Lungs infected with the ADPRT-deficient strains PA99S(E379A/E381A)bla or PA99S(R146A/E379A/E381A)bla showed a trend towards smaller FOCI within the lungs (Fig 4B and 4C), suggesting that FOCI development and expansion was delayed during infection caused by these strains. Here, PARP1 is linked to infection.