Despite the protection afforded by BVR regulating the levels of the antimutagenic bile pigments (Bulmer et al., 2007), BVR is likely to be a contributing factor in the development of cancers, since BVR activates both proteins (Lerner-Marmarosh et al., 2008; Gibbs et al., 2012a; Miralem et al., 2012). This evidence concerns the gene BLVRA and cancer.