MAP3K3 contributes to lung cancer aggressive behavior in vitro potentially through regulation of multiple pathways including the JNK, p38, and AKT pathways as reported by others23, 26, 29, 31, and as suggested by our results the DKK1-WNT-GSK, ERK3 and NOTCH1 pathways (Fig. 3F). This evidence concerns the gene DKK1 and lung cancer.