In these studies, besides the various cut-off, various methodologies were adopted in the context of IHC such as different anti-PD-L1 antibodies, staining techniques (manual or automated assay), the definitions of ‘positive’ tumor (cell surface versus cytoplasmic expression), the definitions of PD-L1 ‘positive’ patients (based on a single tumor biopsy, or on maximal expression in the case of multiple biopsies from an individual patient) and the sample used for the assay (primary tumor or metastatic lesion). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.