The most promising and revolutionizing data in terms of activity of these immune checkpoint inhibitors derive from advanced melanoma, where pembrolizumab and nivolumab have been recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for patients with unresectable or advanced melanoma progressing after ipilimumab and a BRAF inhibitor, if BRAF V600 mutation positive [9, 10]. This evidence concerns the gene BRAF and melanoma.