MTOR and central nervous system cancer: Pathways known to modulate the glioma microenvironment include the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2)/Flk-1 pathway (section The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2)/Flk-1 pathway), VE-cadherin (CDH5) and EphA2 pathways (section The VE-cadherin (CDH5) and EphA2 pathways), the RTK/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway (section The RTK/PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway), and the MMP-laminin 5γ2 chain signaling pathway (section The MMP-laminin 5γ2 chain signaling pathway).