MYD88 and systemic lupus erythematosus: Moreover, when we analysed the levels of MyD88 in bmM derived from MRL/Lpr mice, as a surrogate for the inflammatory M1-like macrophages infiltrating the kidney during active lupus, it was found that in vitro treatment with 11a and 12b (1 and 5 μg/ml), but not 19o (results not shown), reduced the steady-state (to a comparable extent as ES-62; Figure 3(b)) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-upregulated levels of MyD88 in bmM (Figure 3(c)).