MAPK3 and posterior cortical atrophy: We found that the addition of the inhibitor to the combination treatment resulted in increased survival and reduced apoptosis compared to combination treatment alone in both PCa cell lines; whereas on Western blots we observed a marked reduction in JNK phosphorylation together with a concomitant increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and c-Myc and CXCR4 protein levels compared to combination treatment without inhibitor.