Additionally, among the 81 genes, 17 belonged to ‘pathway in cancer’: COL4A1, COL4A2, ERBB2, GLI3, ITGB1, MECOM, MMP1, PLD1, PRKCA, RARB, RXRG, SMAD3, TCF7L1, TCF7L2, TGFA, TGFB2, and ZBTB16. Collectively, the above observations indicate that the network was enriched in genes that might contribute to overall survival among cancer patients with metformin therapy. Here, SMAD3 is linked to cancer.