PDX1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Because β-cell replacement is an effective approach for the treatment of type 1 diabetes, the hAMSCs are the ideal candidates for cell replacement therapy, and effective role of high glucose on the stem cells differentiation toward β-cell development, the current study was performed to investigate the effects of PDX-1 alone (without growth factors-containing medium) in the high glucose medium, on the transdifferentiation of the hAMSCs into IPCs.