The potent immunogenicity of DC vaccines makes it an attractive strategy to boost antigen-specific immune responses in heavily pretreated patients – an interim analysis from our ongoing phase I trial investigating HER2-pulsed DC1 vaccination in HER2pos breast cancer patients with residual disease following neoadjuvant chemotherapy/trastuzumab demonstrated robust anti-HER2 Th1 immunity 6 months post-vaccination (106). This evidence concerns the gene ERBB2 and breast carcinoma.