Another important DFO-triggered neuroprotective mechanism in AD may result from the stabilization and transactivation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) pathway (Epstein et al., 2001; Jaakkola et al., 2001; Lando et al., 2002), leading to transcriptional up-regulation of a cassette of protective genes (Zaman et al., 1999; Siddiq et al., 2005). The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is Alzheimer disease.