Of the 4 candidate biomarkers reported to be elevated during preeclampsia, namely ANP, BNP, sFlt-1 and CRP, 3 (ANP, BNP and sFlt-1) were elevated in the CTB-bound vesicles and only one (sFlt-1) was elevated in the AV-bound vesicles. This evidence concerns the gene NPPA and preeclampsia.